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TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 

1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  In&titute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

n 

D 
D 
D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculde 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  dtd  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-6tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exijer  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxe( 
Pages  dicolordes,  tacheties  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materi< 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I      I  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I      I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

I      I  Showthrough/ 

r~~|  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


E^ 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

■ 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

- 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filnn6  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rositi«  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6x6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  filmds  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^- (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hb.d  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  filmd  A  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I  • 


I  • , 


ADDRESS 


BY 


SIR  JA/WES  GRANT.  iW.  D..  K.  C.  N\.  0..  F.  R.  C.  P.  (Lond.) 


BBPORB  THE 


American  Public  Health  Association 


AT  A  MEETING  HELD  IN 


5 


OTTAWA,  SEPT.  27-30.  1898. 


I 


Jieprinted  from    Vol.  XXIV  of  the   Transactions  of  the  American   Public 

Health  Association. 


■ 


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n 


COLUMBUS.  OHIO: 

THE  BERLIN  PRINTING  COMPANY. 

1899. 


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ADDRESS. 

By  Sir  JAMES  GRANT,  M.  D.,  K.  C.  M.  G.,  F.  R.  C.  P.  (Lond.), 

Ottawa,  Canada. 

Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen — It  is  to  me  a  source  of 
pride  and  gratification  to  have  the  pleasure  of  extending  to  you  to- 
night a  word  or  two  of  welcome.  Your  meeting  is  great  in  its  char- 
acter. The  Honorable  Minister  of  Agriculture  has  announced  that 
you  have' met  in  Canada  three  times,  twice  previous  to  the  present 
time.  This  is  the  first  occasion  in  which  you  have  assembled  in  the 
Capital  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  During  the  past  quarter  of  a 
century,  in  no  department  of  science  has  greater  progress  or  advance- 
ment been  made  than  in  sanitary  science.  In  1873,  when  I  had  the 
pleasure  of  listening  to  the  inaugural  address  of  the  late  Dr  Bowditch, 
of  Boston,  at  Washington,  in  which  he  took  a  most  comprehensive 
view  of  the  importance  of  this  whole  subject,  the  impressions  made  on 
that  occasion  and  the  information  disseminated  throughout  the  wide 
world,  were  very  deep.  He  struck  the  keynote  that  has  placed  sani- 
I  tary  science  to-day  on  that  important  foundation  on  which  it  rests. 

He  announced  at  that  time  that  no  less  than  two  hundred  thousand 
people  were  slaughtered  annually,  in  the  great  American  Republic,  by 
inattention  to  preventable  diseases.  Mr.  Simon,  the  great  sanitarian 
of  England,  almost  about  the  same  time,  stated  the  mortality  in  Great 
Britain  was  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  annually,  and  Dr.  Farr, 
the  greatest  statistician  on  the  subject  of  public  health  that  ever  lived, 
stated  the  mortality  in  Great  Britain  reached  fully  a  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  annually.  When  we  consider  this  mortality,  and  that  it 
arises  from  diseases  that  are  purely  preventable,  is  it  any  wonder  that 
the  sanitarians  of  the  great  American  Republic  should  co-operate  with 
those  in  the  same  department  in  Canada,  and  other  countries,  for  the 
purpose  of  improving  the  health  and  happiness  of  our  people? 
We  know  perfectly  well  that  since  the  address  of  Dr.  Bowditch,  asso- 
ciations have  been  formed  in  a  great  many  states  of  the  American  Re- 
public, and  are  now  carrying  on  active  and  energetic  work,  with  the 
most  practical  results.  And  I  am  glad  also  to  announce  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  American  Public  Health  Association  that  the  Province  of 
Ontario  has  been  up  and  doing  in  the  past  twenty-five  years.  The 
Government  of  Ontario  has  exercised  its  power  and  ability  in  the 
formation  of  a  Bureau  of  Public  Health,  and  they  have  quietly  and 
judiciously  examined  into  the  wants  and  requirements  of  our  people, 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  Province,  and  Dr.  Bryce,  as 


ADDRESS. 


its  Secretary,  is  worthy  of  the  highest  commendation,  for  the  efforts 
that  he  has  put  forth,  to  establish  healthy  improvements  in  this 
Province.  If  we  inquire  to-day  what  they  have  done,  we  have  only 
to  look  at  the  records  published  annually;  thus  h.is  disease  been 
stayed.  Look  at  our  people ;  do  they  give  indications  of  decay  and 
decrepitude?  Very  far  from  it.  We  know  perfectly  well  that  the 
great  disease  which  we  have  in  Canada  to-day,  and  which  you  will 
find  inscribed  on  the  tombstones,  is  "old  age."     (Laughter.) 

In  Canada  we  have  many  educational  institutions,  and  it  was  my 
duty  twenty-five  years  ago,  when  the  President  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario,  to  insist  with  the  other  members 
of  that  worthy  body,  in  having  a  department  of  sanitary  science  in- 
troduced into  our  universities  and  taught  there  as  one  of  the  require- 
ments of  medical  education.  And  such  it  is  to-day,  not  only  in  our 
universities,  but  also  in  our  public  schools  and  institutions,  we  find 
one  of  the  largest  departments  attended,  is  that  of  sanitary  science. 
Having  just  returned  from  the  great  Congress  of  the  British  Medical 
Association,  at  Edinburgh,  let  me  tell  you  that  one  of  the  subjects 
which  engrossed  the  greatest  amount  of  their  attention  was  that  of 
sanitary  science.  The  two  questions  taken  up  particularly  were  the 
pollution  of  rivers,  the  dissemination  of  tuberculosis,  and  other 
points. pertaining  deeply  to  sanitary  science.  We  find  that  the  sub- 
ject of  tuberculosis  to-day  is  engrossing  the  attention  of  the  entire 
medical  world.  Professor  Bryce,  in  his  recent  address  to  the  Prov- 
ince of  Ontario,  has  pointed  out  that  within  the  last  twelve  months 
there  was  a  remarkable  decrease  in  mortality.  And  let  me  tell  you 
here  to-night,  that  in  Great  Britain  there  is  no  subject  now  being 
more  thoroughly  and  carefully  discussed  than  that  of  milk,  in  order 
to  ascertain  whether  the  tuberculous  animal,  that  produces  milk,  as 
an  article  of  nourishment  communicates  the  disease  to  the  human 
family.  This  is  a  subject  of  vast  importance,  and  so  it  has  struck  the 
public  mind,  that  the  various  sanitary  associations  to-day  are  insist- 
ing upon  the  ferreting  out  of  herds  of  cattle,  that  produce  tuberculous 
milk,  having  these  cattle  examined  at  stated  intervals,  by  a  thorough 
veterinary  surgeon,  to  determine  whether  or  not  there  is  the  develop- 
ment of  tuberculosis  in  the  slightest  degree.  It  is  only  in  this  way 
that  we  can  guard  public  health  and  watch  over  the  necessary  require- 
ments, in  K   der  to  maintain  vitality  in  our  midst. 

There  are  some  other  points  upon  which  I  should  like  to  say  a  few 
words  this  evening.  Our  worthy  Minister  for  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  has  mentioned  this  evening  a  subject  which  is  to  me  of 
very  great  moment  indeed.  He  speaks  of  the  improvement  of  public 
health  and  how  much  the  Dominion  Government  is  interested  in  it. 


AnnRESS.  3 

Well,  let  me  say  to-night  that  the  medical  men  of  Canada  for  years 
past  have  been  endeavoring  to  impress  upon  the  minds  of  the  public 
men  of  Canada,  the  importance  of  public  health  study,  so  as  to  guide 
and  direct  the  health  of  the  people,  not  of  any  one  province,  but  of  the 
entire  Dominion,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  We  felt  there  was 
no  subject  to-day  which  should  engross  the  attention  and  careful  ob- 
servation of  those  in  charge  of  the  government  of  our  country  more 
than  the  establishment  here  in  the  Capital  of  Canada  of  a  Bureau  of 
Public  Health.  (Applause.)  We  know  perfectly  well  that  the  im- 
portance of  this  subject  has  been  impressed  upon  the  minds  of  the 
public  men  in  the  American  Republic,  and  I  trust  the  day  is  not  far 
distant  when  those  who  guide  and  direct  the  interests  of  this  country 
will  see  that  it  is  incumbent  upon  them  to  take  into  serious  considera- 
tion the  formation  of  a  Bureau  of  Public  Health,  to  give  the  people  of 
Canada  an  adequate  return  for  the  exercise  of  mental  and  physical 
power  exercised  in  the  development  of  the  best  interests  of  Canada. 
(Applause.) 

One  other  point  is  this,  and  I  am  sure  you  will  agree  with  me: 
Sanitary  science  as  a  whole  has  done  a  great  deal  for  our  people.  We 
know  the  mind  exerts  a  powerful  influence  over  the  body.  When  the 
mind  is  healthy,  we  also  have  a  healthy  body ;  and  when  we  see  now 
in  every  public  demonstration  in  the  great  American  Republic,  as  well 
as  ni  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  the  two  flags,  American  and  British, 
blended  together,  it  is  an  indication  of  the  happiness  and  prosperity 
of  our  people ;  and  you  may  rely  upon  it,  that  if  the  health  of  our  peo- 
ple is  directed  along  this  course,  it  is  evidence  of  a  condition  which  I 
trust  will  long  continue. 

I  am  extremely  pleased  and  gratified  that  so  many  members  of  the 
learned  professions  have  come  to  Canada  in  order  to  see  what  kind 
of  people  we  are.  You  may  rest  assured  that  while  you  are  here 
we  will  extend  to  you  a  hearty  welcome,  not  only  to  this  Province, 
but  to  every  portion  of  it,  as  indicated  by  the  worthy  Minister  of  Agri- 
culture who  has  preceded  me.  And  to  the  gentlemen  from  Mexico, 
I  trust  that  great  country,  which  we  know  takes  an  important  interest 
in  sanitary  science,  as  well  as  in  other  sciences,  let  me  say  that  I  hope 
this  is  not  the  last  time  that  we  shall  have  an  opportunity  of  welcom- 
ing them  to  Canada.  We  wish  you  a  happy  sojourn  here,  and  a  safe 
return  to  your  homes.  May  this  visit  to  our  Dominion  be  one  that 
will  make  a  deep  impression,  not  only  upon  the  people  of  Canada, 
but  Mexico  and  the  neighboring  Republic  in  the  advocacy  of  the 
subject  of  sanitary  science,  which  is  so  intimately  associated  with,  the 
welfare  of  the  people  of  this  world.    (Loud  applause.) 


